What is RSA RSA was developed by Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman in 1977. It is based on the assumption that factoring the product of two large prime numbers is computationally difficult. RSA Mechanism 1. Key Generation Choose two large prime numbers $p$ and $q$ Compute $n = p \times q$ Compute Euler’s totient $\phi(n) = (p - 1)(q - 1)$ Choose an integer $e$ such that $ 1 < e < \phi(n)$ and $gcd(e, \phi(n))=1$ Compute $d$ such that $ e \times d \equiv 1 (\mod \phi(n))$. The Public key is $(e, n)$ and the private key is $(d, n)$. 2. Encryption To encrypt a message $M$: $$ C = M^{e} \mod n $$ ...

What is Steganography? The term “steganography” originates from the Greek words steganos (meaning “covered” or “hidden”) and graphein (meaning “to write” or “to draw”). It refers to the technique of concealing messages within other non-secret files such as images, videos, or audio files. Beyond simple data hiding, steganography also serves to protect copyright and prevent unauthorized use of digital content. It’s common to encrypt the hidden message before embedding it to enhance confidentiality. ...